Natural gas
The traditional benefits of biogas are primarily local. By producing biogas you reduce the load requirement on the total grid. It has a huge impact. The first village in the world to be energy self-sufficient did it by biogas;http://www.abc.net.au/.../german-village-first-to.../5879360
But China is taking this to a whole new level and their 2020 goal is 30GW
http://www.sciencedirect.com/.../pii/S1364032113002591That is the equivalent of 10% of the world's ENTIRE nuclear energy. They have been doing this since at least the days of Chairman Mao.
Biogas processing is a obvious energy source. Large animals are unlikely to survive a WBGT heat event. However, small animals produce waste as well, Azolla is an abundant source, and then of course there is human waste. Here is a brilliantly simple natural gas generator that can run off human waste (link).
I like the use of the header tank for pressure. The only design change I would make would be to the Anaerobic digester to include a waste pipe.
Now the waste can flow to an aerobic digester with an air stone to create an excellent fertilizer. Could the slurry output also be used as vegetable garden fertilizer? Apparently, if the temperature is maintained high enough. http://grandpappy.org/gcompost.htm, http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/human-waste-zmgz11zrog.aspx#axzz32JEGwsgX
Otherwise, a more involved design would be to boil the waste in a pressure cooker prior to it moving to the aerobic digester. The methane could be used to power the boiler.
A few other designs:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLm8o5tlJpg (See comment about how to prevent blow-back).
http://www.instructables.com/id/Biogas-at-home-Cheap-and-Easy/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Bio-gas-plant-using-kitchen-waste/?ALLSTEPS
http://www.instructables.com/id/Cash-from-Trash-Make-your-very-own-electricity/
http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/biogas-generator-zm0z14aszrob.aspx?SlideShow=5 (design includes a heater)
This has been done on a large scale in China since the 60s. Need to have temperatures over 10C for it to work. Needs to be cleaned:
Bio gas is approximately 60% methane and 40% co2 and traces of H2S (I guess you already know that). First, you might want to get rid of H2S as it will be corrosive - running the gas through iron shavings should do the trick.
I have solved some of that by taking a piece of 2"PVC tube and filling it with industrial steel wool. By passing the gas through that, most of the elements corrosive to steel and iron attach to the steel wool. In addition, we pass the gas through a similar filter of aluminum filings. Thirdly, it passes through a solution of Limewater to remove the CO2. We will be changing this to (i think?) MEA as it is easier to remove the CO2 from MEA than limewater. We may put a further filter to remove the moisture from the gas as well.
Full discussion here:
http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/14709
The output needs to be pressurized and stored. One way to build a compressor is to modify a tyre inflator:
http://www.instructables.com/id/convert-a-tire-inflator-type-air-compressor-into-a/?ALLSTEPS
The output can then go into a an upside barrel (a) within another larger one (b). A valve from the top of (a) would allow all the air out. A feed inline would pump methane in and the water would be forced out. An outline from the top would have pressurized methane.
I like the use of the header tank for pressure. The only design change I would make would be to the Anaerobic digester to include a waste pipe.
Now the waste can flow to an aerobic digester with an air stone to create an excellent fertilizer. Could the slurry output also be used as vegetable garden fertilizer? Apparently, if the temperature is maintained high enough. http://grandpappy.org/gcompost.htm, http://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/human-waste-zmgz11zrog.aspx#axzz32JEGwsgX
Otherwise, a more involved design would be to boil the waste in a pressure cooker prior to it moving to the aerobic digester. The methane could be used to power the boiler.
A few other designs:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLm8o5tlJpg (See comment about how to prevent blow-back).
http://www.instructables.com/id/Biogas-at-home-Cheap-and-Easy/
http://www.instructables.com/id/Bio-gas-plant-using-kitchen-waste/?ALLSTEPS
http://www.instructables.com/id/Cash-from-Trash-Make-your-very-own-electricity/
http://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/biogas-generator-zm0z14aszrob.aspx?SlideShow=5 (design includes a heater)
This has been done on a large scale in China since the 60s. Need to have temperatures over 10C for it to work. Needs to be cleaned:
Bio gas is approximately 60% methane and 40% co2 and traces of H2S (I guess you already know that). First, you might want to get rid of H2S as it will be corrosive - running the gas through iron shavings should do the trick.
I have solved some of that by taking a piece of 2"PVC tube and filling it with industrial steel wool. By passing the gas through that, most of the elements corrosive to steel and iron attach to the steel wool. In addition, we pass the gas through a similar filter of aluminum filings. Thirdly, it passes through a solution of Limewater to remove the CO2. We will be changing this to (i think?) MEA as it is easier to remove the CO2 from MEA than limewater. We may put a further filter to remove the moisture from the gas as well.
Full discussion here:
http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/14709
The output needs to be pressurized and stored. One way to build a compressor is to modify a tyre inflator:
http://www.instructables.com/id/convert-a-tire-inflator-type-air-compressor-into-a/?ALLSTEPS
The output can then go into a an upside barrel (a) within another larger one (b). A valve from the top of (a) would allow all the air out. A feed inline would pump methane in and the water would be forced out. An outline from the top would have pressurized methane.
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